A number of improvements must be made in order to address "systemic problems" created following reform of Scotland's police and fire services, according to a committee of MSPs.

On Monday, Holyrood's Justice Committee published its conclusions following a review into the Police and Fire Reform (Scotland) Act 2012 - one of the biggest transformations of a public service since devolution.

In Scotland, the police and fire services had each consisted of eight regional organisations prior to the Act being introduced.

When the Act came into effect in 2013, these organisations were merged to instead create two national bodies - Police Scotland and the Scottish Fire and Rescue Service.

In April last year, the Justice Committee began an inquiry into the centralisation of the two services in order to examine how effective the change has been.

In its conclusions, the committee said that although reform had led to greater consistency of service across Scotland, as well as allowing for more equal access to specialist capabilities and support, a number of issues, particularly within Police Scotland, should be further addressed.

The committee's report on policing indicated that poor financial management, unclear lines of responsibility and a failure to focus on the views of officers and staff in the early stages of reform lie at the root of many of the problems faced by Police Scotland.

Among the issues highlighted were forecast savings not being realised, IT problems hampering police effectiveness and a string of well-publicised personnel problems resulting in senior management "instability and concerns over a lack of clear leadership" in the initial years of the reform process.

A need for an exemption for police and fire services from the payment of VAT was also highlighted in the committee's considerations.

The report set out a range of recommendations for improving Police Scotland, including; an overhaul of police complaints processes to create a more "equitable, clear and fair system", a more proactive role by the Scottish Police Authority (SPA) in its oversight and scrutiny of new Police Scotland policies and to provide more robust financial projections.

Justice Committee convener, Margaret Mitchell MSP, said: "The Justice Committee has found that some of the problems it has seen can be traced back to the frameworks and relationships created by the Act itself.

"These are not simply 'teething problems' of a new service bedding in, but systemic problems that must be addressed.

"Reform of these frontline public services is one of the biggest challenges undertaken since the start of devolution in Scotland. It is in everyone's interest that they succeed."

Justice Secretary Humza Yousaf said: "I am very grateful to the Justice Committee for its work on scrutiny of the 2012 Act which was the largest exercise in public service reform since devolution.

"It has rightly recognised some significant achievements, including the creation of national capabilities in policing, described as 'a success story for Scotland' and improvements in how Police Scotland deals with sexual offences.

"The report also makes a number of recommendations which ministers plan to consider in full, alongside Police Scotland, SPA and SFRS over the coming months."

Susan Deacon, of the Scottish Police Authority, said: "The SPA remains firmly committed to driving further improvement and change so that people across Scotland continue to have a strong and effective police service in which they can have confidence and trust."

Dr Kirsty Darwent, Scottish Fire and Rescue Service, said: "We welcome this report which highlights how we have successfully worked through major transition over the last five years whilst ensuring the ongoing safety of our communities and firefighters.

"We continue to work closely with our partners, representative bodies and stakeholders as we move forward to deliver a national service locally.

"There is of course further work to be done and we would welcome discussions on the structure of UK-wide terms and conditions for Retained Duty System firefighters so that their pay more accurately reflects their availability."